In addition to the previously noted interfaces with the LSF structures there are other elements that are formed from LSF that can be integrated into the design. Again, it is essential that these are identified early as items that attach to or are loaded onto the structure will impact the structural design. Early engagement with the structural designers allow these to be assessed and incorporated at concept stage rather than an afterthought.
Pods (Bathroom/Kitchen/Utility)
Pods can be used to add a further fully fitted out offsite element to the build structure. These may
be formed from light steel frame components but can also be formed from timber or glass reinforced
plastic (GRP) etc.
When using pods as part of the design the size, weight and location of the pod needs to be determined early in the design process. It is also important to determine if the pod is to be loaded
to its final position in the building or set away from the structural walls to allow drylining. Care should be taken, as the latter means that loads may be imposed in other locations during the build.
Parapets
Parapet walls are generally formed in one of two ways and are to be covered by specific engineering
design:
• Parapet supported by wind posts
Generally formed of hot rolled sections formed in an ‘L’ shape with the bottom leg fixed to the roof
cassettes. The posts are set at centres determined by the engineer and infilled between with cold
rolled steel panels.
• Parapet supported by buttress panels
Either rectangular or triangular in shape and fixed to the roof cassette and parapet wall panels. If buttress panels are specified, they can present challenges around weatherproofing and maintaining the warm frame principles.
There is also an option for upper floor panels to be extended to form the parapet.
Other items
Garages (integral) - where garages are incorporated into a dwelling this results in a semi-exposed wall.
Bay and oriel windows – these elements are formed using LSF sections within the wall build up to create projections from the structural frame. As with all LSF components these should be designed to be within a warm dry environment.
